This report from the Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique (HCSP) explores the role and potential of health registries in public health and research. It highlights the importance of health data for tracking health trends, improving health policy, and supporting research. The document reviews the existing population-based registries and practice registries in France, comparing them to practices in other countries, such as Sweden, Norway, Australia, and the UK. It emphasizes the need for better coordination and funding of these registries and proposes recommendations for improving their efficiency and integration into national health strategies.